Government gross debt in Estonia

International Monetary Fund · Annual · Importance

IMF forecast (WEO): 2026: 27.5% 2027: 31.1% 2028: 34.7% 2029: 38.2% 2030: 40.8% 2031: 43.1%

5.9 (1999) ANUAL · % of GDP · Annual · CSV

Period	% of GDP
Jan 1999	5.9
Jan 1998	5.4
Jan 1997	6.0
Jan 1996	7.3
Jan 1995	8.7

About this indicator

Source

International Monetary Fund

Frequency

Annual

Release

Published annually (with quarterly advance estimates in some economies), subject to revision with the national accounts.

What it is

Government gross debt is the total liabilities owed by Estonia's general government to its creditors. It is usually shown in absolute terms and, above all, as a percentage of GDP to gauge sustainability, and is published by Eurostat and the Estonian statistics office and finance ministry.

How it's calculated

It is compiled on the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP) basis, summing all general-government liabilities (securities, loans and deposits) consolidated across subsectors and measured at face value. The debt-to-GDP ratio relates that stock to the size of the economy.

Market implications

Estonia carries by far the lowest public debt in the EU, a mark of fiscal strength prized by markets. Its level and its recent upward trend matter mainly as a benchmark of budget discipline and are monitored under the EU fiscal rules.

Limitations

It is a low-frequency figure revised with the national accounts. Starting from very low levels, small operations shift the ratio strikingly; it also depends on both the debt stock and nominal GDP, so it can move with no change in borrowing.