Government gross debt in Greece

International Monetary Fund · Annual · Importance

IMF forecast (WEO): 2026: 136.9% 2027: 130.3% 2028: 125.2% 2029: 120.4% 2030: 115.5% 2031: 110.9%

102.8 (1999) ANUAL · % of GDP · Annual · CSV

Period	% of GDP
Jan 1999	102.8
Jan 1998	100.8
Jan 1997	102.6
Jan 1996	103.7
Jan 1995	100.4
Jan 1994	99.7
Jan 1993	101.7
Jan 1992	81.1
Jan 1991	75.7
Jan 1990	74.2

About this indicator

Source

International Monetary Fund

Frequency

Annual

Release

Published annually (with quarterly advance estimates in some economies), subject to revision with the national accounts.

What it is

Government gross debt is the total liabilities owed by Greece's general government to its creditors. It is usually shown in absolute terms and, above all, as a percentage of GDP to gauge sustainability, and is published by Eurostat and the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT).

How it's calculated

It is compiled on the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP) basis, summing all general-government liabilities (securities, loans and deposits) consolidated across subsectors and measured at face value. The debt-to-GDP ratio relates that stock to the size of the economy.

Market implications

Greece carries one of the highest debt ratios in the EU, a legacy of its crisis and bailouts, though falling thanks to nominal growth and primary surpluses. Its path is central to the credibility regained with markets and to rating upgrades back to investment grade.

Limitations

It is a low-frequency figure revised with the national accounts. Much of Greek debt is held by official lenders (ESM, euro-area states) on very favourable terms, so the gross ratio does not fully reflect the real cost or the maturity profile; it also depends on nominal GDP.