Government gross debt in Indonesia

International Monetary Fund · Annual · Importance

IMF forecast (WEO): 2026: 41.5% 2027: 41.8% 2028: 42.0% 2029: 42.1% 2030: 42.2% 2031: 42.2%

42.2 (2031) ANUAL · % of GDP · Annual · CSV

Period	% of GDP
Jan 2031	42.2
Jan 2030	42.2
Jan 2029	42.1
Jan 2028	42.0
Jan 2027	41.8
Jan 2026	41.5
Jan 2025	41.0
Jan 2024	40.2
Jan 2023	39.6
Jan 2022	40.1
Jan 2021	41.1
Jan 2020	39.7
Jan 2019	30.6
Jan 2018	30.4
Jan 2017	29.4
Jan 2016	28.0
Jan 2015	27.0
Jan 2014	24.6
Jan 2013	24.9
Jan 2012	23.0
Jan 2011	23.1
Jan 2010	26.4
Jan 2009	26.5
Jan 2008	30.3
Jan 2007	38.1
Jan 2006	35.8
Jan 2005	42.6
Jan 2004	51.3
Jan 2003	55.6
Jan 2002	62.3
Jan 2001	73.7
Jan 2000	87.4

About this indicator

Source

International Monetary Fund

Frequency

Annual

Release

Published annually (with quarterly advance estimates in some economies), subject to revision with the national accounts.

What it is

Government gross debt measures the total outstanding liabilities of Indonesia's general government to its creditors. It is usually expressed as a share of GDP to gauge sustainability and to compare indebtedness across countries.

How it's calculated

It is compiled by adding the gross liabilities of the whole general government (debt securities, loans and other liabilities). The reference figure comes from the IMF World Economic Outlook, is annual and is expressed as a percentage of GDP and in absolute rupiah terms.

Market implications

Indonesia runs a relatively moderate debt ratio for an emerging economy, which markets and rating agencies watch closely. A rapid rise pushes up borrowing costs and weighs on the rupiah, narrowing the fiscal room and shaping Bank Indonesia's policy stance.

Limitations

It is a low-frequency figure revised alongside the national accounts. The ratio depends on nominal GDP, so it can move without any change in borrowing, and it captures neither the maturity profile nor foreign-currency exposure.