Government gross debt in Poland

International Monetary Fund · Annual · Importance

IMF forecast (WEO): 2026: 65.7% 2027: 69.6% 2028: 71.6% 2029: 73.9% 2030: 75.8% 2031: 77.6%

39.2 (1999) ANUAL · % of GDP · Annual · CSV

Period	% of GDP
Jan 1999	39.2
Jan 1998	38.6
Jan 1997	42.6
Jan 1996	43.0
Jan 1995	48.6

About this indicator

Source

International Monetary Fund

Frequency

Annual

Release

Published annually (with quarterly advance estimates in some economies), subject to revision with the national accounts.

What it is

Government gross debt measures the total outstanding liabilities of Poland's general government owed to its creditors. It is reported in absolute terms and, chiefly, as a share of GDP to assess the sustainability of the public finances.

How it's calculated

Eurostat and Poland's GUS compile it as Maastricht (EDP) debt: securities, loans and deposits of general government, consolidated and at nominal value, set against GDP. Poland also keeps its own, somewhat narrower national definition. Released quarterly and annually.

Market implications

As an EU member with its own currency, Poland's debt path influences the sovereign spread, its rating and fiscal room, and is read alongside the central bank's (NBP) policy and the zloty's exchange rate.

Limitations

Two definitions coexist (national and EU), which can cause confusion; it is a low-frequency, revisable figure. The ratio depends on nominal GDP and on the exchange rate of the foreign-currency portion of the debt.