Government net lending/borrowing in Romania

International Monetary Fund · Annual · Importance

IMF forecast (WEO): 2026: -6.2% 2027: -5.8% 2028: -5.7% 2029: -5.6% 2030: -5.4% 2031: -5.2%

-3.6 (1999) ANUAL · % of GDP · Annual · CSV

Period	% of GDP
Jan 1999	-3.6
Jan 1998	-5.3
Jan 1997	-5.2
Jan 1996	-4.7
Jan 1995	-3.3
Jan 1994	-2.2
Jan 1993	-0.3
Jan 1992	-4.6
Jan 1991	3.2
Jan 1990	1.0

About this indicator

Source

International Monetary Fund

Frequency

Annual

Release

Published annually (with quarterly advance estimates in some economies), subject to revision with the national accounts.

What it is

Measures the deficit or surplus of Romania's general government: a deficit occurs when spending exceeds revenue over the year. It is compiled by the National Institute of Statistics and Eurostat, and is expressed as a share of GDP.

How it's calculated

Calculated as general government net lending or borrowing under the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010), on an accrual basis, and set against GDP to obtain the ratio.

Market implications

As an EU member outside the euro, Romania is subject to the EU fiscal rules and, in recent years, to the excessive deficit procedure. A wide deficit pressures the leu, the risk premium and credit ratings; the central bank (BNR) watches it alongside inflation.

Limitations

It is a low-frequency, revisable figure. The headline balance should be distinguished from the primary and cyclical components; gaps between execution and budget and one-off measures can distort the year-to-year reading.