Saudi Arabia Government gross debt in Saudi Arabia

International Monetary Fund · Annual · Importance

IMF forecast (WEO): 2026: 32.1% 2027: 34.8% 2028: 37.1% 2029: 38.9% 2030: 40.6% 2031: 42.2%
103.0 (1999) ANUAL · % of GDP · Annual · CSV
Period% of GDP
Jan 1999 103.0
Jan 1998 101.5
Jan 1997 76.7
Jan 1996 75.2
Jan 1995 74.2
Jan 1994 67.9
Jan 1993 58.6
Jan 1992 47.8
Jan 1991 39.4

About this indicator

Source
International Monetary Fund
Frequency
Annual
Release
Published annually (with quarterly advance estimates in some economies), subject to revision with the national accounts.
What it is
Measures the total gross debt owed by Saudi Arabia's government to its creditors. Published by the Ministry of Finance and the National Debt Management Centre, it is reported in absolute terms and as a share of GDP.
How it's calculated
Calculated by summing sukuk and bonds issued in riyals and foreign currency plus loans, splitting domestic and external debt. Outside the EU's EDP framework, it follows national and IMF standards; the debt-to-GDP ratio relates the stock to the size of the economy.
Market implications
In an oil-dependent economy, public debt is read alongside crude revenues and reserves: it funds the deficit and the Vision 2030 megaprojects. A sustained rise, even from low levels, is watched by markets and rating agencies.
Limitations
It is a low-frequency, revisable series. The ratio depends on nominal GDP that is highly sensitive to oil prices, so it can rise or fall with crude prices without a change in the actual debt stock.